Born as Marguerite Ann Johnson in 1928, she is an American poet, playwright, author, producer and an
important figure in the American Civil Rights Movement. She has been called "America's most visible black female autobiographer" and is best known for her series of six autobiographies, starting with I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, (1969) which was nominated for a National Book Award and show the unity of Angelou's central themes: the injustice of racism and how she fights it. A highly respected writer, it is no surprise that she has won over 30 honorary degrees.RATIONALE FOR THIS POST
I am doing a post about this poem tonight because its message is particularly relevant to us in the light of recent developments in our country. As I surf the net, I can feel the onslaught of vehement comments from various parties expressing their outrage and in many ways, many of us are like the subject in the poem - THE CAGED BIRD.
BACKGROUND OF THIS POEM
Divisions and inequalities have existed between African Americans and whites since long ago. For more than one hundred years African Americans have lived in a world where ongoing white supremacy and African American inferiority exist and have unjustly endured many injustices, ranging from slavery, discrimination, segregation, and racism.In history, ultimately the opportunities have existed for whites; African Americans have been oppressed, segregated, and held back.
In Maya Angelou’s poem, “I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings,” there is a clear parallel between the caged bird and the free bird, and the African American man or woman and the white man or woman. While Angelou never mentions either race it is clear that she does so through the metaphors she uses to send the points she wants to get across to her audiences. Angelou’s words speak out to an all African American audience to relate to, understand, and share the feelings of oppression and segregation, and feelings of jealousy toward the white race. Maya Angelou also speaks to an audience of mixed races and I believe many of us can identify with her voice...
I KNOW WHY THE CAGED BIRD SINGS
A free bird leaps
on the back of the wind
and floats downstream
till the current ends
and dips his wing
in the orange sun rays
and dares to claim the sky.
on the back of the wind
and floats downstream
till the current ends
and dips his wing
in the orange sun rays
and dares to claim the sky.
But a bird that stalks
down his narrow cage
can seldom see through
his bars of rage
his wings are clipped and
his feet are tied
so he opens his throat to sing.
down his narrow cage
can seldom see through
his bars of rage
his wings are clipped and
his feet are tied
so he opens his throat to sing.
The caged bird sings
with a fearful trill
of things unknown
but longed for still
and his tune is heard
on the distant hill
for the caged bird
sings of freedom.
with a fearful trill
of things unknown
but longed for still
and his tune is heard
on the distant hill
for the caged bird
sings of freedom.
The free bird thinks of another breeze
and the trade winds soft through the sighing trees
and the fat worms waiting on a dawn-bright lawn
and he names the sky his own.
and the trade winds soft through the sighing trees
and the fat worms waiting on a dawn-bright lawn
and he names the sky his own.
But a caged bird stands on the grave of dreams
his shadow shouts on a nightmare scream
his wings are clipped and his feet are tied
so he opens his throat to sing.
his shadow shouts on a nightmare scream
his wings are clipped and his feet are tied
so he opens his throat to sing.
The caged bird sings
with a fearful trill
of things unknown
but longed for still
and his tune is heard
on the distant hill
for the caged bird
sings of freedom.
MY LITERARY INTERPRETATION OF THE POEMwith a fearful trill
of things unknown
but longed for still
and his tune is heard
on the distant hill
for the caged bird
sings of freedom.
In this poem, Angelou tells a tale of sorrow, and desire, comparing a free bird to a caged bird. Beautifully written, it opens your eyes to the sad truth about segregation, through a wonderful blend of similes, metaphors, rhyme, repetition and assonance.
Angelou uses the metaphor of a bird struggling to escape its cage described in the Paul Laurence Dunbar poem, "Sympathy", as a "central image" throughout all of her autobiographies.
Similar to the elements within the prison narrative, the caged bird represents Angelou's imprisonment from the racism she sees as inherent in Stamps, Arkansas, and her continuing experiences of other experiences she views as imprisonment, like racial discrimination, drugs, marriage, and the economic system.This metaphor also invokes the "supposed contradiction of the bird singing in the midst of its struggle".
This poem has a deeper meaning that is the ongoing plight to end the racial segregation in the United States but can be applied to our country where we have two groups of power in conflict with each other.
Maya Angelou expresses in her poem with the use of two opposite lives living in the same society, with the free and caged bird.
White people represent a free bird able to "[leap] on the back of wind", and do as he, or she chooses. The line "The free bird thinks of ... the fat worms waiting on a dawn-bright law and names the sky his own" demonstrates that most of the white society cares more about their wealth and very little about the black community's oppression. Does this sound familiar?
Angelou also implies that black citizens of the United States are very much like a caged bird, "his wings are clipped and his feet are tied..." except for that the bars on a black citizens cage, that restrict him from the joys of freedom and give him a "grave of dreams", are not made of cheap metal or plastic, but of racist oppression, discrimination, and segregation. Again, does this ring a familiar tune in your ear?
Because of the caged bird's oppression, "[he] sings with a fearful trill of things unknown and longed for still", like how civil rights activists wrote papers, gave speeches, and organized protests for equal rights in America so no citizen felt as if he was in a cage.
When Angelou says that the black citizen's "tune is heard on a distant hill," her message is that the white society is can hear their cries for equality but only faintly. Finally in her last line of the poem, she says, "for the caged bird sings of freedom", she means that the plight for equality is slowly improving, but is nowhere near the end, and the only way to get to the end is to make everyone aware of this social injustice.
It is very clear that Angelou believes in equality for all of mankind and declares through her poem that even though there are social injustices in life, hope and persistence can lessen, and eventually get rid of segregation. This poem tries to show that even though the free bird and the caged bird are still birds, one is free and the other is a prisoner, despite that they both deserve freedom and the opportunity to be happy.
CONCLUSION
The themes decipherable in this poem are universal and truly go beyond the confines of the United States of America because many may feel very much caged in their own countries as oppression of many sorts continue because of certain groups.
The cry of many that we can hear or see in cyberspace are like the cries and songs of the caged bird who yearns to sing when trapped within, 'caged' or restricted. It doesn't show just the black race; it shows religion, or how a person can just be so frustrated when caught in the struggles of life. Drowning, trapped, encased, and they cannot get out. While another person is enjoying their life of freedom, with only the care of what was happening next in THEIR life and without a care for other people, the caged bird seems to be going insane, beating it's 'wing' against the bars until it bled. Am I hitting familiar notes????
When Maya Angelou tries to explain the process of drowning, she does not tell how or why the person got into the water or what he needs to do to get. What she does offer is two people in the water.
One can swim and the can't. She doesn't offer a solution for the caged bird, just the status of his being. It is the plight of the cage bird that important here. It is anybody's story. In the end its not about the cause or solution. It is about being. If we think hard and deep enough, we can empathize with Maya's thoughts, emotions, pain and outrage as expressed in poetic form.
This poem is symbolic of what anyone can go through in life when faced with adversity.They can give up or keep growing feathers until they eventually get strong enough to fly away!!!
And we will overcome....!!!!
* This post is dedicated to Eugene Huang whom I taught for eight years. May this post be of use to you as you prepare for the IGCSE English Literature component in the forthcoming exam.
ocho-onda Dear Paula,
Here's my take... You may cage a bird but you cannot remove its innate longing to sing.
You may imprison a man but you cannot destroy his inner sense of freedom to speak and to think...
A caged bird sings better than a free bird but that is not the measure of its ability to sing but the immensity of its sorrow !!!
Throughout history, we take note of the prolific propensity and proclivity of suppressed people -for example, the African American slaves and the colonized Irish under the British,- in song,dance,music and poetry !
It is a unique gift from God to fit into Humans this pressure release valve to act as a catharsis to prevent us from explosive/implosive mental breakdowns so we do not loose possession of our sanity and humanity !!!